Followers of Carlism, a political movement that emerged in 1833 after the death of Ferdinand VII to defend the dynastic rights of Carlos Maria Isidro, brother of the king and representative of conservatism, against Isabel, daughter of the king, heir and the favored leader of the followers of liberalism. Throughout the nineteenth century the battle between liberals and Carlists caused three wars in Spain, centered primarily around the Basque Country, Navarra, Catalonia, and the regions in the north and south of the Valencian community. The Carlist ideology was inspired by the institutions of the Old Regime: an absolute monarchy, traditional society and a continued dominance of the Church, summarized in the motto ¨Dios, Patria y Rey¨(God, Homeland and King).